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Mechanical Behaviour and Sound Intensity Characteristics of Compressed Earth Blocks Reinforced with Powdered Pozzolan and Cocoa Pod Husk Ash

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The construction industry in developing countries increasingly seeks sustainable, low-cost, and acoustically efficient building materials. Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs) are widely recognized as an environmentally friendly alternative; however, their limited mechanical strength and poor sound insulation restrict broader adoption. This study explores the potential of enhancing CEB performance through natural stabilizers that is powdered pozzolan and cocoa pod husk ash (CPHA). The research aimed to address two critical questions: (i) how the combined use of these additives influences the mechanical behaviour of CEBs, and (ii) whether they can improve acoustic insulation properties. Experimental CEB samples were prepared with varying proportions of pozzolan (0-20%) and CPHA (0-10%). Mechanical tests, including compressive and flexural strength, were conducted, alongside assessments of acoustic performance. The results demonstrated that incorporating 10% pozzolan with 10% CPHA significantly enhanced compressive strength and ductility, achieving 0.215 MPa compared to 0.121 MPa for the control. Flexural strength improved markedly in blocks containing 20% pozzolan and 10% CPHA, reaching 0.156 MPa, more than double the control value. Acoustic evaluation revealed that blocks with 5% pozzolan and 10% CPHA reduced sound transmission by over 16 dB relative to the control, highlighting their potential in improving indoor comfort. Overall, the findings confirm that the synergistic use of pozzolan and CPHA not only mitigates the mechanical shortcomings of traditional CEBs but also provides significant acoustic benefits. This study contributes to the knowledge base on sustainable construction materials and demonstrates a practical pathway for developing eco-friendly, affordable, and higher-performing housing solutions in resource-constrained contexts.

Source: Journal of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering

DOI: 10.11648/j.jccee.20251006.12

Authors: Penka Bertrand, Ndjanfang Desire, Wetka Lelong

Institutions: University of Bamenda, National Polytechnic University Institute Bamenda

Language: English

Topic: Hygrothermal properties of building materials

Subfield: Building and Construction

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Responsible consumption and production, Sustainable cities and communities

Open Access status: diamond

Funder: H2020 European Research Council