Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic industrial compound widely found in plastics and other materials, has been linked to cancer development. As human exposure increases, BPA may pose potential carcinogenic concerns. Although BPA binds to estrogen receptors with much lower affinity than natural estrogens, its accumulation in human tissues can cause harmful effects. This review summarizes current evidence on BPA's role in cancer initiation and progression, with a focus on its effects on cancer signaling pathways. These effects involve modulating pathways involved in cell growth, movement, invasion, survival, and adhesion. BPA acts as an estrogen ligand, binding to estrogen receptors and activating related pathways. The main route of exposure is through dietary intake of canned and plastic-packaged foods, with migration rates increasing at higher temperatures. To raise awareness of BPA's harmful effects, industries have proposed "BPA-free" alternatives, some of which use derivatives like bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), which, unfortunately, may have even worse effects on human health. Given the ongoing challenges of eliminating BPA and similar harmful compounds, future research should focus on identifying safe substitutes, developing more effective removal technologies, and strengthening stringent regulations to mitigate public health risks.
Source: Journal of Xenobiotics
DOI: 10.3390/jox15060207
Authors: Minatullah Al-Ani, Yassir Al-Ani, Shahad Sabaawi Ibrahim, Raghad Sabaawi Ibrahim, Peter Kubatka, Dietrich Büsselberg
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,930
OpenAlex ID: W7108468451