B and T Cell Interplay, Germinal Center Dynamics and Role of Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) in B Cell Modulation and Immune Tolerance: A Narrative Review
Year: 2025
Type: review
Abstract: T cells and B cells are central components of the adaptive immune system, orchestrating immune responses through a complex network of interactions. This review explores the dynamic interplay between T and B cells, focusing on their development, activation, and functional coordination in immune defense. T cells provide essential help to B cells through cytokine signaling and direct cell–cell interactions, facilitating antibody production and affinity maturation in germinal centers. Conversely, B cells contribute to antigen presentation and cytokine modulation, influencing T cell differentiation and function. The regulation of these interactions is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis, preventing autoimmunity, and enhancing vaccine efficacy. Dysregulation of T-B cell crosstalk is implicated in various immune disorders, including autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiencies. Recent advances in immunotherapy have targeted these pathways to modulate immune responses in conditions such as cancer, infections, and inflammatory diseases. This review synthesizes current knowledge on T and B cell physiology, highlighting emerging research on their cooperative mechanisms.
Source: Immuno
Authors: Mohammad Shahid Iqbal, Ahmad F. Arbaeen, M. A. Bendary, Hasan H. Qadi, Aisha Tabassum, Othman M. Fallatah, Sami Melebari, Nadeem Ikram, Mohammed Parvez, Kamal H. Alzabeedi
Language: English
Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,207
OpenAlex ID: W7115944593