Work

Autonomic-inflammatory crosstalk in diabetic atherogenesis: a neuroimmune triad (HRV-LMR-hsCRP) predicts carotid plaque risk in type 2 diabetes

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular complications, including carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). This study aimed to investigate the link between CAS and T2D by identifying novel risk factors and examining the relationship between autonomic dysfunction (via heart rate variability, HRV) and systemic inflammation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 232 T2D patients, categorized into three groups based on carotid ultrasound: normal arteries (n = 47), intima-media thickening (n = 49), and carotid plaques (n = 136). Differences in clinical and inflammatory markers across groups were analyzed. Independent risk factors for CAS were identified using multivariate logistic regression, and a predictive model was developed and evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. To infer causality, a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using summary-level data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in age, insulin usage, and inflammatory markers (NLR, PLR, LMR) among the groups (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression identified age, SDNN (a measure of HRV), LMR, and hs-CRP as independent risk factors for CAS. The combined model integrating hs-CRP, SDNN, and LMR demonstrated exceptional predictive accuracy for CAS (AUC = 0.941; 95% CI: 0.912–0.969). MR analysis provided genetic evidence supporting a causal relationship between genetically predicted HRV reduction and increased carotid intima-media thickness. CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the critical interplay between autonomic dysfunction and inflammation in the development of CAS in T2D. The proposed integrative model shows high potential for risk stratification. Future large-scale multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology – Endocrinology Reports

DOI: 10.1186/s40842-025-00259-z

Authors: Xinrui Zhou, Xiaowei Bai, Li Ding, Shuai Zhang, Ya Li

Institution: Xi'an Medical University

Language: English

Topic: Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: diamond

Funders: Xi'an Medical University, Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province, Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province