Work

Unlocking antimicrobial potential of microalgae on food-borne bacteria: A standardized framework and future directions

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Foodborne infections are a global challenge, costing billions annually through food losses, trade restrictions, and healthcare expenses. Growing concerns over chemical antimicrobials such as antibiotics, sanitizers, and disinfectants, have driven interest in sustainable bio-control strategies for food systems. Microalgae, which produce a plethora of biomolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and various secondary metabolites, represent a promising source of antimicrobial compounds. Despite numerous reports demonstrating antimicrobial activity in microalgal extracts, no microalgae-derived antimicrobials have yet reached commercialization. This review focuses on some microalgal species already produced at commercial scale, including those with GRAS status (e.g., Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ). As for other microalgae-based products (e.g., biofuel oil), successful antimicrobial production depends on identifying key species and strains, optimizing growth conditions, and refining harvesting, cell disruption, and extraction protocols. Although research in this area is expanding, further studies are needed to improve our understanding of antimicrobials synthesis and to assess how these factors influence antimicrobial activity. Commonly used antibacterial assays such as disc diffusion and microdilution have limitations that must be considered when evaluating the antimicrobial activity of microalgal extracts. Overall, inconsistencies in testing and reporting have hindered the clear identification of microalgae as sources of effective antimicrobials. This review proposes a framework for future extract preparation and antimicrobial assessment and discusses future prospects to enhance the discovery and yield of microalgal antimicrobials.

Source: Current Research in Biotechnology

DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100362

Authors: Delphine Rapp, Dieke Schelvis, Nigel P. French, Maxence Plouviez

Institutions: AgResearch, Bioeconomy Science Institute, Delft University of Technology, Massey University, Cawthron Institute

Language: English

Topic: Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds

Subfield: Aquatic Science

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,890