Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Background Peri-implantitis, driven by microbial‒host immune interactions, is the leading reason that dental implants fail. Implant surface design plays a crucial role in microbial colonization.Objective To investigate how surface characteristics of implant materials impact periodontal disease biofilm formation and host immune response.Design Biofilms, cultured on Ti-6Al-4V and CoCr disks, had biomass quantified by crystal violet and microbial populations by agar enumeration. We assessed the influence of Ti-6Al-4V post-processing treatments on surface chemistry (energy dispersive spectroscopy), topography (optical profilometry) and microbial dynamics (through complex oral biofilm culture and 16S rRNA sequencing). To evaluate immune responses, biofilms were co-cultured with dysplastic oral keratinocytes, and IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNFα and GRO-α ELISAs were performed.Results Sandblasting markedly increased surface roughness (3.9 vs 0.2–0.6 Ra), biomass (0.72–0.99 vs 0.13–0.62 AU) and total viable counts (TVC). Ti-6Al-4V demonstrated significant enrichment of firmicutes compared to CoCr, together with increased proportions of sulphate-reducing and periodontal disease-associated taxa. Rougher surfaces provoked stronger immune activation under microbial challenge, highlighting the link between topography and host response.Conclusions Surface roughness influenced biofilm formation and inflammation. Assessment of implant materials should integrate microbial and cellular responses for deeper insights. Smoother surfaces, combined with antimicrobial coatings may help reduce peri-implant disease.
Source: Journal of Oral Microbiology
Institution: University of Leeds
Language: English
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,428
OpenAlex ID: W7117249505