Work

Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Current Insights into Toxicity, Mechanisms, and Ecological Impacts

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Diarrheic shellfish toxins (DSTs), especially okadaic acid (OA) and its related compounds, are lipophilic marine biotoxins mainly synthesized by dinoflagellates of the genera Dinophysis and Prorocentrum. These compounds bioaccumulate in filter-feeding shellfish like mussels and clams, posing a considerable public health risk due to their strong gastrointestinal effects when contaminated seafood is consumed. This review offers a thorough overview of the current understanding of OA-group toxins with a focus on the molecular mechanisms of toxicity, including cytoskeletal disruption, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, their ecological impacts on aquatic organisms and patterns of bioaccumulation are explored. Recent advances in detection methods and regulatory frameworks are discussed, highlighting the necessity for robust monitoring systems to safeguard seafood safety. Enhanced knowledge of the toxicity, distribution, and fate of DSP (diarrheic shellfish poisoning) is essential for improving risk assessment and managing marine biotoxins. Despite methodological advances, gaps remain regarding chronic exposure and species-specific detoxification pathways.

Source: Marine Drugs

DOI: 10.3390/md24010009

Authors: Hajar Bouda, Rajae El Bourki, Abderrazzak Fattah, Nadia Takati

Institution: University of Hassan II Casablanca

Language: English

Topic: Marine Toxins and Detection Methods

Subfield: Environmental Chemistry

Field: Environmental Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Life below water, Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,499