An In Vitro Study to Compare the Physical Changes and Retentive Forces in Three Different Implant Overdenture Attachments after Simulated Occlusal Loading
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: supported by implants, roots, or teeth.17 The use of two mandibular implants is now considered the standard of care.18 ISODs employ various mechanical attachments-ball/stud, bar-clip, magnetic, and telescopic, comprising a patrix (male) and matrix (female) element.19 Typically made of titanium, stainless steel, or polymers, these systems experience wear over time, reducing retention.20 Attachments are categorized by their permitted movement (PM-0 to PM-6).21,22 Functional variability, implant angulation, and occlusal forces can cause deviation from theoretical behavior.23 While micromovement protects peri-implant bone, it increases matrix-patrix friction, leading to wear, more pronounced labiolingually.24,25 Mishandling during maintenance IntroductIonComplete edentulism is a debilitating, irreversible condition that profoundly impairs quality of life, representing the terminal phase of oral disease. 1 Despite global public health progress, it remains prevalent-particularly among older adults, affecting not only mastication but also speech, nutrition, self-esteem, and psychosocial well-being.2,3 Its persistence underscores disparities in healthcare access and socioeconomic conditions.4 Peltzer et al. 4 reported edentulism rates in those aged above 50 years as 18% in Russia, 16.3% in India, 9% in China, 21.7% in Mexico, and 8.5% in South Africa, while Switzerland showed only 5.7% prevalence.5 Edentulism is multifactorial.While dental caries and periodontal disease remain primary causes, trauma, radiotherapy, genetics, and iatrogenic factors also contribute.6 Risk factors include diabetes, smoking, malnutrition (e.g., vitamin C deficiency), and low socioeconomic status.7 Periodontal disease now surpasses caries as the dominant cause.[8][9][10] Consequently, prosthodontic rehabilitation is critical for restoring function and esthetics.11 Treatment modalities range from conventional dentures to implant-supported prostheses.While removable dentures are affordable and widely used, they often provide inadequate mandibular retention.12 Implant-supported overdentures (ISODs) offer improved retention, stability, and function at lower surgical and financial cost than fixed options.Studies 13-15 confirm their advantages in esthetics, mastication, speech, and quality of life.Additionally, ISODs distribute occlusal forces through implants, reducing bone resorption, especially in the mandible.
Institution: Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University
Language: English
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Funder: Saveetha Dental College
OpenAlex ID: W7117322605