Alternatives to eosin in histopathological assessments: A comparison of organic stains
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Background: Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) remains the cornerstone of diagnostic pathology, but the potential harmful effects, high cost, and environmental pollution have necessitated the exploration of eco-friendly and economical alternatives. Aims: This study evaluated and compared the overall staining efficacy, durability, and economic feasibility of H&E, hematoxylin and Allium cepa (H&AC), and hematoxylin and Bixa Orellana (H&BO). Settings and Design: The comparative study was conducted in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, over 18 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 225 slides, including epithelium, collagen fibers, adipose tissue, salivary gland, and bone, were stained with H&E, H&AC, and H&BO. The overall efficacy evaluation was performed on the basis of staining intensity, clarity, and uniformity. Statistical Analysis Used: < 0.05). Results: < 0.001). H&BO emerged as a viable alternative with consistent performance and high efficacy, particularly in collagen and salivary gland tissues. H&AC, while the most cost-effective and eco-friendly, showed variability and reduced staining precision. Conclusions: While H&E remains the benchmark in diagnostic histopathology, H&BO presents a promising eco-conscious alternative. H&AC, despite its affordability, requires refinement for consistent diagnostic use. This study highlights the potential for balancing diagnostic excellence with environmental responsibility in routine staining protocols.
Authors: A. M. Aiswarya, Bhupesh Patel, Himani Tiwari, Grishma Doria, Rina Mehta, Piyush Asnani
Institution: Dharmsinh Desai University
Language: English
Subfield: Pharmacology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7117353294