Contemporary insights into head and neck cancers: Epidemiology, molecular biology, diagnosis, and therapeutic advances
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: • Head and neck cancers (HNC) remain globally significant, with increasing HPV-driven oropharyngeal cases. • Tobacco and alcohol are still dominant risk factors, but HPV-related HNCs display unique biological behavior and prognosis. • Immunotherapy and targeted therapies are reshaping treatment paradigms for recurrent and metastatic HNC. • Advances in imaging, biomarker development, and organ preservation strategies enhance outcomes. • Early diagnosis, vaccination, and public awareness remain key to reducing the HNC burden globally. Head and Neck Cancers (HNCs) continue to pose significant challenges in oncology due to their complex heterogeneity and the persistent limitations of current therapeutic strategies, underscoring the critical need for contemporary, insightful reviews. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent advancements in HNC research, encompassing epidemiology, molecular biology, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions, with a particular emphasis on the transformative impact of emerging concepts. Key innovations highlighted include the integration of multi-omics data for developing personalized treatment strategies and the pivotal role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in refining diagnostic accuracy and optimizing therapeutic planning. Furthermore, the review explores novel therapeutic modalities beyond conventional approaches, such as advanced immunotherapies and sophisticated strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment. It also emphasizes the potential of liquid biopsies for non-invasive early detection and precise minimal residual disease monitoring, alongside critical innovations in prophylaxis and early detection methods. Collectively, these advancements hold substantial promise for profoundly improving the diagnosis, treatment, and ultimately, the clinical outcomes for patients afflicted with HNCs.
Author: Ankit Singh
Institution: Semmelweis University
Language: English
Topic: Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Subfield: Otorhinolaryngology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,740
OpenAlex ID: W7117366195