Predicting epilepsy after new onset refractory status epilepticus due to autoimmune encephalitis: The DAME score
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify risk factors and develop a predictive scoring system for autoimmune-associated epilepsy in subjects with autoimmune encephalitis presenting with new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter, cohort study included subjects who presented with NORSE at the onset of autoimmune encephalitis and had at least 24 months of follow-up after immunotherapy. The outcome was the development of autoimmune-associated epilepsy, defined as persistent seizures despite adequate immunotherapy and absence of active inflammation. Factors independently associated with the outcome were identified through a backward stepwise selection. Adjusted regression coefficients of each independent predictor were transformed to produce a points-based risk-scoring system. RESULTS: Seventy participants were included (median age = 24.2 years, 38.6% male). During a median follow-up of 53 months, 54.3% of subjects developed autoimmune-associated epilepsy. Status epilepticus duration ≥ 10 days (odds ratio [OR] = 31.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.12-456.87, p = .012), positivity for antibodies against surface antigens (OR = .12, 95% CI = .02-.85, p = .034), bitemporal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis during acute stage (OR = 49.80, 95% CI = 2.95-841.77, p = .007), and interictal epileptiform discharges during electroencephalographic (EEG) follow-up (OR = 71.32, 95% CI = 6.48-785.32, p < .001) were independently associated with the study outcome. The duration-antibodies-MRI-EEG (DAME) score was developed as an integer-based scoring system predictive of autoimmune-associated epilepsy. With an optimal cutoff of ≥3 points, it yielded a sensitivity of 86.8%, a specificity of 87.5%, and an overall accuracy of 87.1%. SIGNIFICANCE: The DAME score could serve as a user-friendly score to predict the risk of autoimmune-associated epilepsy in patients with NORSE due to autoimmune encephalitis.
Source: Epilepsia
DOI: 10.1002/epi.70081
Authors: Simona Lattanzi, Sara Matricardi, Alberto Vogrig, Giada Pauletto, Margherita Nosadini, Stefano Sartori, Federico Massa, Luana Benedetti, Stefano Meletti, Francesca Bisulli, Elena Freri, Francesca Felicia Operto, Silvia Bozzetti, Sara Mariotto, Simone Beretta, Eleonora Rosati, Elisabetta Cesaroni, Carla Marini, Tiziana Granata, Flavio Villani, Immune Epilepsies Study Group of the Italian League Against Epilepsy
Institutions: Marche Polytechnic University, University of Chieti-Pescara, University of Udine, Azienda sanitaria universitaria Friuli Centrale, University of Padua, Azienda Ospedale - Università Padova, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, University of Bologna, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Magna Graecia University, Paracelsus Medical University, Azienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige, University of Verona, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche
Language: English
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,360
Funder: NextGenerationEU
Award: G8546265763
OpenAlex ID: W7117540734