Topical Effectiveness of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Leaf Extract on Healing of Cut Wounds in Female Wistar Rats
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Momordica charantia L. (bitter melon leaves) has long been utilized in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This research investigates the wound-healing efficacy of ointments formulated with bitter melon leaf extract. The extract was incorporated into ointments at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, and the formulations were compared with a negative control (base ointment) and a positive control consisting of Betadine® ointment (povidone–iodine 10% w/w). All preparations were applied topically once daily at approximately 0.1 g per wound. Wound recovery was assessed macroscopically using the Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, and Approximation (REEDA) scale, along with histopathological examinations conducted on day 15. Findings indicated that the 10% extract formulation provided the most effective acceleration of wound closure, with a median healing time of 8 days and superior histopathological outcomes in terms of re-epithelialization, fibroblast proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Statistical analyses using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests confirmed significant differences among groups (p < 0.05), revealing a non-linear dose–response pattern. The 15% formulation demonstrated reduced effectiveness, potentially related to increased viscosity or concentration-related cytotoxic effects. Overall, the study supports the potential of Momordica charantia L. extract, at an optimal concentration, as a promising plant-derived topical agent for wound healing.
Authors: Nurti, Elly Wahyudin, Mardiana Ahmad, Prihantono, Stang
Institution: Hasanuddin University
Language: English
Topic: Wound Healing and Treatments
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7117693631