Work

Health Misinformation in Ethiopia: Myths, Media Dynamics, Public Response, and Policy Implications: A Narrative Review

Year: 2025

Type: review

Abstract: Background: Health misinformation in Ethiopia undermines public trust and weakens the effectiveness of health interventions. Cultural beliefs, religious influences, and the expansion of digital media contribute to myths that fuel vaccine hesitancy, stigma, and delayed health-seeking behavior. Objective: To synthesize evidence on the scope, drivers, and impacts of health misinformation in Ethiopia and to highlight actionable strategies for improving public health communication. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online, supplemented with grey literature from the Ministry of Health, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and Regional fact checking organizations. Sources published between 2010 and 2025 that addressing misinformation, communication channels, or public responses in Ethiopia were included. Findings were summarized using descriptive narrative synthesis. Result: Misconceptions related to traditional remedies, vaccine safety, COVID-19 cures, and modern contraceptives are widespread. Narratives spread rapidly across social media, particularly Facebook and Telegram, whereas oral traditions reinforce misinformation in rural communities. These Documented impacts include reduced uptake of immunization and maternal services, delayed treatment for diseases such as TB and HIV, and persistent stigma. Interventions involving community health workers, religious leaders, and youth-led campaigns have proven effective in countering misinformation. Conclusion: Health misinformation remains a significant barrier to Ethiopia's health targets. Strengthening media literacy, engaging trusted community actors, and building partnerships between government, civil society, and digital platforms are crucial to mitigate health misinformation and improve public health outcomes.

Source: Public Health Challenges

DOI: 10.1002/puh2.70181

Authors: Trhas Tadesse Berhe, Dube Jara, Dereje Kifle

Institution: Ethiopian Economic Association

Language: English

Topic: Misinformation and Its Impacts

Subfield: Sociology and Political Science

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,650