Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: We consider a normal operator $T$ on a Hilbert space $H$ . Under various assumptions on the spectrum of $T$ , we give bounds for the spectrum of $T+A$ where $A$ is $T$ -bounded with relative bound less than 1 but we do not assume that $A$ is symmetric or normal. If the imaginary part of the spectrum of $T$ is bounded, then the spectrum of $T+A$ is contained in the region between two hyperbolas whose asymptotic slope depends on the $T$ -bound of $A$ . If the spectrum of $T$ is contained in a bisector, then the spectrum of $T+A$ is contained in the area between certain rotated hyperbolas. The case of infinitely many gaps in the spectrum of $T$ is studied. Moreover, we prove a stability result for the essential spectrum of $T+A$ . If $A$ is even $p$ -subordinate to $T$ , then we obtain stronger results for the localisation of the spectrum of $T+A$ .
Authors: Javier Moreno, Monika Winklmeier
Institution: Universidad de Los Andes
Language: English
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,550
OpenAlex ID: W7118021129