Effects of Backward Walking Training on Balance and Fall Risk in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Year: 2025
Type: review
Study designs: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: Objective: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of backward walking training (BWT) in improving balance and mobility in older adults.Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library CENTRAL databases for articles published between January 2010 and July 2025.Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults aged ≥ 60 years who underwent BWT were included.The primary outcome was balance ability assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS).Exclusion criteria were non-English language articles, inaccessible full texts, and non-RCT designs.Two independent reviewers screened the articles and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane tool.Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 with a random-effects model.Heterogeneity was assessed using χ 2 and I² statistics.Results: Five RCTs with 208 participants were included.Three studies reported BBS-based outcomes, showing a significant overall mean difference of 4.75 points (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48-8.02;Z = 2.85, p = 0.004).Individual effects included improvements ranging from approximately 1.7 to 7.0 points.However, heterogeneity was high (I² = 97%), and the pooled estimate should be interpreted cautiously.Conclusions: BWT significantly improved balance and may be considered a useful intervention to enhance balance and functional mobility in older adults.
Authors: Kwon Hoi Kim, Sang Ki Lee
Language: English
Field: Health Professions
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7118022737