Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: ABSTRACT Weight-and-balance (W&B) verification remains a critical yet often neglected component of safe general aviation operations. Many pilots rely on informal estimation or omit W&B calculations entirely, contributing to numerous accidents involving aircraft operated outside approved center-of-gravity (CG) and weight limits. This study presents a new W&B performance control method – the Computer Second Paper Operation (C2PO) system – developed for the Cessna 172R. The method eliminates the need to calculate individual station moments or total moments, reducing procedural complexity and decreasing preflight preparation time. Using a geometrically derived planar grid based on incremental CG changes for all loading stations, the C2PO chart allows pilots to determine CG using only basic arithmetic. The tool was constructed through a combination of analytical procedures and encoded in Excel and Visio to include every possible loading configuration. Compared with standard computational procedures, the method reduces calculation time by 43.83% while maintaining an accuracy of 0 to 0.15 inches. By offering a fast, intuitive, and calculator-free alternative, the C2PO method aims to improve pilot compliance, promote consistent preflight W&B checks, and reduce accidents caused by improper aircraft loading.
Authors: Mikhail Baraulya, Konstantin Nechval
Institution: Riga Aeronautical Institute
Language: English
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7118046417
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