Conversions Among Z, Y, H, F, T, and S Parameters, Which Are Highly Beneficial for the Analysis of Two-Port Circuits and Filters
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This study presents a unified symbolic–numerical framework for the automatic generation and conversion of two-port network parameters, including Z, Y, H, F, T (A, B, C, and D), and S matrices. The method integrates Modified Nodal Analysis (MNA) with exact symbolic computation to derive transfer functions, poles, zeros, and parameter sensitivities directly from the circuit topology, eliminating the need for manual algebraic manipulation. Unlike conventional tools such as PSpice 9.1 or RF simulation software* which operate primarily on numerical models, the proposed approach provides closed-form expressions suitable for analytical design, optimization, and parameter-tolerance evaluation. The implemented software routines generate all parameter sets within a single workflow and enable bidirectional conversion between low-frequency formulations and high-frequency scattering representations. Numerical case studies on band-pass filters confirm the correctness of the generated expressions, with deviations below 1% relative to reference simulation results.
Source: Electronics
Authors: Mihai Rotaru, Adrian Georgescu, Dragoș Niculae, Georgiana Zainea, Mihai Iordache, Steliana Pușcașu
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,896
OpenAlex ID: W7118320976