Work

The General Biological Relativity Theory and Multiscale Modeling of Living Systems as Complex Systems

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The scientific community is aware that the great scientific revolution of this century will be the formulation of a theory of complex systems and formalize it in mathematical terms. In this article, we formulate a unified theory of living systems as complex systems called the general biological relativity theory, which states that at every level of organization of a living system, there is no privileged or absolute scale, which would determine the dynamics of the living system, only interactions between the biological space–time scales of a level of organization of the structurally organized living system form and the biological size–time scales of a microlevel–macrolevel class of levels of organization of the functionally organized living system form. To date, such a theory has found little content because there has been very little that has been established that is common about the multilevel and multiscale organization of living systems. Drawing on a structurally organized living system form of lymphatic filariasis disease system as an example, we illustrate how this theory can be applied to extend the conceptual and multiscale modeling framework of living systems as complex systems.

Source: Complexity

DOI: 10.1155/cplx/9981927

Authors: Winston Garira, Bothwell Maregere

Institution: Sol Plaatje University

Language: English

Topic: Complex Systems and Dynamics

Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,760

Funder: National Research Foundation