Pathways to Clinical Training Opportunities for International Medical Students and IMGs: The California Experience
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Many global health initiatives involve partnerships between US academic institutions and low- or middle-income country (LMIC) institutions, but substantial inequities exist in short-term clinical education exchange opportunities for LMIC institutions. US medical students and physicians frequently participate in clinical experiences abroad; however, equivalent opportunities in the US for LMIC medical students and international medical graduates (IMGs) are limited, inconsistent across states, and, for IMGs, typically restricted to observerships. The authors aimed to identify pathways that facilitate clinical training and educational exchanges between California academic medical centers (CA AMCs) and LMIC institutions, and to explore the barriers and enablers for international medical students and IMGs to engage in clinical training in California. The authors conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with global health education stakeholders at CA AMCs and performed a desk review using PubMed, gray literature, and resources from the US State Department, Medical Board of California, and CA AMC websites to ensure the accuracy of information presented. Key institutional challenges include liability concerns, limited program capacity, and funding constraints; additional barriers specific to IMGs include restrictive visa policies and medical board regulations. Enablers included innovative funding mechanisms, existing administrative infrastructure, and, for IMGs, familiarity with visa processes, and the use of the Medical Board of California's Special Permits to enable participation in hands-on patient care. Several potential approaches emerged to reduce barriers and support hosting international medical students and IMGs in hands-on clinical roles at CA AMCs. While these findings offer practical strategies for expanding such exchanges within California, they also highlight the need for broader policy changes, including advocacy for a new visa category dedicated to short-term clinical training exchanges. This article advances the discourse on decolonizing global health by identifying mechanisms to allow equitable, bidirectional clinical training opportunities.
Source: Annals of Global Health
DOI: 10.5334/aogh.5020
Authors: Margaret Akey, Brian Groves, James C. Hudspeth, Tracy L. Rabin, Sarah Cortez, Rebecca Silvers, Joseph Novotny, Fekir Negussie, Patti Orozco, Phuoc Le, Riya Sawhney, Nakul Raykar, Michelle Arteaga, John A. Davis Rodriguez, Maureen Curran, Susan Byekwaso, Faysal Saab, Norkamari Shakira Bandolin, Michael S. Lipnick
Institutions: University of California, San Francisco, Boston University, Yale University, UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, University of California San Diego, Makerere University, University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, Davis
Language: English
Topic: Global Health and Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,200
OpenAlex ID: W7119101250