Клінічні, морфологічні та молекулярні маркери у формуванні прогнозу у хворих на рак шийки матки: Огляд літератури
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Cervical cancer (CC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer mortality among women in the world, despite significant progress in prevention, screening and treatment. Due to risk factors associated with the development of CC (smoking, early onset of sexual activity, sexually transmitted infections, number of sexual partners, oral contraceptive use, and immunosuppression), this disease is characterized by an early asymptomatic course. Despite the current methods of treatment of CC (surgical, radiological, chemotherapeutic, as well as the introduction of immunotherapy and targeted drugs in recent years), the prognosis for CC remains unfavorable. The choice of the correct treatment regimen depending on the prognostic and predictive factors of the course of CC is the most important stage. Classical clinicopathological prognostic factors do not sufficiently explain the variability of the course of the disease in patients with similar tumor characteristics, especially at intermediate risk.This review analyzes both known factors of prognosis of CC (stage of the disease, depth of stromal invasion, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node involvement, spread to the parametrium), and new markers, the role of which is actively studied: perineural invasion, tumor-free distance. Current data on known and promising prognostic biomarkers are summarized: the presence of human papillomavirus, viral load, proteins p16, p53, Ki-67, markers of hypoxia and angiogenesis HIF-1α, VEGF, serum antigens SCC Ag, CYFRA 21-1, hematological indices of systemic inflammation (NLR, PLR, PIV) and components of the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The role of the new biological markers microRNAs is associated with the development of many malignant neoplasms, in particular CC.The integration of these markers into clinical practice significantly increases the accuracy of predicting the course of CC, allows for a better assessment of the risk of recurrence and potential response to therapy, and also contributes to the individualization of treatment tactics. The presented review emphasizes the need for further multicenter studies to standardize and implement new prognostic markers into clinical practice.
Authors: Єжова, І.Є., Володько, Н.А.
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7119456191
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