Multimodal clinical parameters-based immune status associated with the prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma presents with three distinct immune phenotypes, including immune-desert, immune-excluded, and immune-inflamed, indicating various treatment responses and prognostic outcomes. The clinical application of multi-omics parameters is still restricted by the expensive and less accessible assays, although they accurately reflect immune status. A comprehensive evaluation framework based on "easy-to-obtain" multi-model clinical parameters is urgently required, incorporating clinical features to establish baseline patient profiles and disease staging; routine blood tests assessing systemic metabolic and functional status; immune cell subsets quantifying subcluster dynamics; imaging features delineating tumor morphology, spatial configuration, and perilesional anatomical relationships; immunohistochemical markers positioning qualitative and quantitative detection of tumor antigens from the cellular and molecular level. This integrated phenomic approach aims to improve prognostic stratification and clinical decision-making in hepatocellular carcinoma management conveniently and practically.
Authors: Yu-Zhou Zhang, Yuan-Ze Tang, Yun-Xuan He, Shu-Tong Pan, Hao-Cheng Dai, Yu Liu, Hai-Feng Zhou
Language: English
Subfield: Hepatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7119484297