Work

Effects of variety and cultivation on volatile organic compounds in Dictyophora rubrovolvata: Insights from integrated GC-IMS, GC-MS and E-nose and Multivariate Data Analysis

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This study investigated the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Dictyophora rubrovalvata (DR) varying varieties and cultivation conditions by E -nose, GC-MS, GC-IMS, Multivariate Data Analysis (MDA). E-nose and PCA indicated overall volatile intensity as QY1-D (Qianyou-No.1-greenhouse) > QF1-L (Qianfeng-No.1-forest conditions) > QY1-L (Qianyou-No.1-forest conditions) > QF1-D (Qianfeng-No.1-forest greenhouse), GC-MS, GC-IMS analysis highlighted 12 and 35 key VOCs that OAV > 1. GC-MS was particularly sensitive to Hexanal and 2-Octenal, could effectively distinguish the environmental influences on VOCs. However, GC-IMS was sensitive to Ethyl acetate, Acetic acid, 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone and 3-Furanmethanol, and enabling it to not only differentiate the environmental impact on the VOCs but also varieties. Furthermore, MDA demonstrated the combination of GC-MS and GC-IMS were more comprehensively and accurately in characterizing the VOCs. Overall, QY1 exhibited a higher VOCs content than QF1. Besides, the greenhouse environment was more conducive to aroma enrichment in QY1, whereas the undergrowth environment was more beneficial for aroma enrichment in QF1. • Reveals complementary advantages of GC-MS and GC-IMS for identifying VOCs in DR. • GC-MS was sensitive to detect aldehydes and GC-IMS was esters, alcohols, ketones. • Guides cultivar-specific cultivation to optimize aroma quality. • Qianyou No.1 was more beneficial to aroma enrichment in greenhouse environment. • Qianfeng No.1 was more beneficial to aroma enrichment in undergrowth environment.

Source: Food Chemistry X

DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2026.103516