Work

Topological Aspects of Quadratic Graphs and M‐Polynomials Utilizing Classes of Finite Quasigroups

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Material science, drug design and toxicology studies, which relate a molecule’s structure to its numerous properties and activities, are studied with the use of the topological index. Graphs with finite algebraic structure find extensive applications in fields such as mathematics, elliptic curve cryptography, physics, robotics and information theory. Quasigroup is the generalization of a group due to the absence of the associative law. In this paper, we calculate some degree‐based topological indices and M‐polynomials of quadratic graphs associated with finite commutative and noncommutative weak inverse property quasigroups (WIPQs) broadly.

Source: Journal of Mathematics

DOI: 10.1155/jom/3943868

Authors: Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi, Muhammad Nadeem, Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Sagir, Abdu Qaid Alameri

Institutions: King Khalid University, Lahore Garrison University, Shenzhen University, ILMA University, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a

Language: English

Topic: Graph theory and applications

Subfield: Geometry and Topology

Field: Mathematics

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,160

Funders: Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University, King Khalid University