Shame and development of self: a relational, cognitive, and linguistic perspective
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Shame is a pivotal component in the development of sociomoral cognition, emerging at the intersection of self-awareness, social evaluation and internalized norms. Its emergence corresponds with significant developmental milestones, including the formation of attachment, the acquisition of language, and the development of Theory of Mind. Collectively, these factors provide a framework for the evolution of the sense of self. As children begin to represent themselves through the perspectives of others, shame functions as a regulatory mechanism, reinforcing social coherence and moral alignment. This review integrates findings from developmental psychology, cognitive neuroscience and cultural theory in order to elucidate the dual structure of shame: self-referential yet socially mediated. From a multi-faceted perspective, the article presents shame not simply as an emotion but as a dynamic process through which individuals navigate, monitor, and shape their moral identity within relational and cultural contexts.
Source: Frontiers in Psychology
Language: English
Topic: Emotions and Moral Behavior
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,801
OpenAlex ID: W7122838900