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INNODIA screening for early-stage type 1 diabetes: Insights from Polish first-degree relatives of T1D patients (2015–2023, EU115797)

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Early identification of individuals at increased risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) is essential to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset and to facilitate the development of disease-modifying therapies. The INNODIA EU115797 project (2015-2023) conducted a Europe-wide screening of individuals with recent-onset T1D (<6 weeks) and their first-degree relatives (aged 1-45 years). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the risk of T1D development among first-degree relatives of individuals with T1D, based on data from the Polish INNODIA center at the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on the incidence of autoantibodies were obtained from the INNODIA project platform. The analysis included first-degree relatives of individuals with T1D, aged 1-45 years, who met the inclusion criteria and were recruited at the Polish center. Samples were collected at the Medical University of Silesia in accordance with the INNODIA protocol. Participants were stratified based on the number of autoantibodies detected (1 or ≥2). The analysis considered age, sex, prevalence of specific autoantibodies (GAD65, IAA, IA-2A, ZnT8), and familial relationship. RESULTS: Among 817 screened individuals, 65 (7.96%) tested positive for autoantibodies (AA): 48 (5.88%) had 1AA and 17 (2.08%) had ≥2AA. The highest prevalence was observed in the 10-23-year age group (27.7%, 18/65). In this subgroup, 11.04% (18/163) were autoantibody-positive, whereas prevalence in other age groups (1-9, 24-36, 37-40, and 41-45 years) ranged from 5.98% to 8.97%. GAD65 (5.51%) and IAA (3.43%) were the most frequent autoantibodies. Individuals with 1AA were predominantly parents (32/48; 66.7%), while ≥2AA were more common among siblings (13/17; 72.2%). During follow-up, 2 participants progressed to stage 3 T1D. CONCLUSIONS: In the Polish cohort of the INNODIA study, autoantibodies were detected in 7.96% of first-degree relatives of individuals with T1D. Early screening is crucial for accurate risk stratification, guiding the development of therapeutic interventions and reducing the risk of severe complications at disease onset.

Source: Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

DOI: 10.17219/acem/208837