The State of HBIM in Digital Heritage: A Critical and Bibliometric Assessment of Six Emerging Frontiers (2015–2025)
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: After nearly two decades of developments in Historic/Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM), the field has reached a stage of maturity that calls for a critical reassessment of its evolution, achievements, and remaining challenges. Digital representation has become a central component of contemporary heritage conservation, enabling advanced methods for analysis, management, and communication. This review examines the maturation of HBIM as a comprehensive framework that integrates extended reality (XR), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), semantic segmentation and Digital Twin (DT). Six major research domains that have shaped recent progress are outlined: (1) the application of HBIM to restoration and conservation workflows; (2) the expansion of public engagement through XR, virtual museums, and serious games; (3) the stratigraphic documentation of building archaeology, historical phases, and material decay; (4) data-exchange mechanisms and interoperability with open formats and Common Data Environments (CDEs); (5) strategies for modeling geometric and semantic complexity using traditional, applied, and AI-driven approaches; and (6) the emergence of heritage DT as dynamic, semantically enriched systems integrating real-time and lifecycle data. A comparative assessment of international case studies and bibliometric trends (2015–2025) illustrates how HBIM is transforming proactive and data-informed conservation practice. The review concludes by identifying persistent gaps and outlining strategic directions for the next phase of research and implementation.
Source: Applied Sciences
DOI: 10.3390/app16020906
Authors: Fabrizio Banfi, Wanqin Liu
Institution: Politecnico di Milano
Language: English
Subfield: Geology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,896
OpenAlex ID: W7124264067