Work

Combined resistance training and amino acid-based supplementation for sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Year: 2026

Type: review

Study designs: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Resistance training is the cornerstone of sarcopenia management. However, whether combining it with amino acid-based supplementation, including essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, leucine, and derivatives such as HMB, provides additional benefits remains unclear. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until February 2025. Meta- and subgroup analyses were performed using a random-effects model. The Cochrane ROB2 tool and GRADE framework were used to assess the risk of bias and evidence certainty. RESULTS: We included nine randomized controlled trials involving 496 participants with sarcopenia. Evidence rated as low to very low certainty indicated that, compared with resistance training alone, combined amino acid supplementation and resistance training significantly improved handgrip strength (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.04 to 1.35), gait speed (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.02 to 1.25), Short Physical Performance Battery scores (SMD = 1.69, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.57), and Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test performance (SMD = -1.42, 95% CI: -2.68 to -0.16). No significant effects were observed for skeletal muscle mass index or appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Subgroup analyses showed that baseline protein intake, intervention setting, amino acid supplement type, resistance-training frequency, and whether the supplement contained co-nutrients were significant effect modifiers. CONCLUSION: Resistance training combined with amino acid supplementation may improve muscle strength and physical function in older adults with sarcopenia, although effects on muscle mass remain limited. Responsiveness to the intervention may vary by baseline protein intake, training frequency, setting, type of amino acid supplementation, and whether the supplement includes co-nutrients, all of which should be considered when designing sarcopenia management strategies.

Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-09436-8

Authors: Chengfu Xie, Ruixiang Yan, Ran Tao

Institutions: Central China Normal University, Hubei University Of Economics, Guangzhou Sport University

Language: English

Topic: Nutrition and Health in Aging

Subfield: Physiology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,090