Work

Labour market competences for sustainability transitions: A cross-sectoral analysis in Norway

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This paper addresses the oversight of labour market competences in sustainability transitions, focusing on competence and job demands. Using data from Norway, including 65 interviews, a survey of 7,500 firms and municipalities, and industry roadmaps, the study explores how sustainability transitions affect competence needs across sectors. Most organisations anticipate changes due to pressures and opportunities. These expectations are found across all sectors, including those that have been largely overlooked in transition research, such as the public sector and retail. Competence requirements are consistent across regions and industries, leading to increased competition for certain competences. Three categories of green competences are identified: industry-specific, technical/digital, and fundamental sustainability competences. While industry-specific competences vary, firms across all sectors anticipate increased demand for digital and fundamental sustainability competences. The study highlights that focusing efficiency and technology can obscure essential competences needed for environmental and climate goals, potentially neglecting cross-sectoral transition needs.

Source: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions

DOI: 10.1016/j.eist.2026.101100

Authors: Håkon Normann, Antje Klitkou, Markus Steen, Tuukka Mäkitie

Institutions: Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education, SINTEF Digital

Language: English

Topic: Sustainable Development and Policies

Subfield: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

Field: Environmental Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Decent work and economic growth, Climate action

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,610