Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The present study aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the Dark Future Scale. A total of 650 valid responses were collected through an online survey. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor structure, consistent with the original scale, and indicated high internal consistency. Metric invariance across age groups and residual invariance across gender were confirmed. Furthermore, the scale demonstrated good convergent and incremental validity. These results suggest that the Japanese version of the Dark Future Scale is both reliable and valid.
Authors: Ze Zhang, Takashi Horiuchi, Małgorzata Sobol
Institutions: Okayama University, University of Warsaw
Language: English
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7124443109