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Prevalence of collar rot of apple in Himachal Pradesh and its management through antagonistic microorganisms

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Surveys were conducted during 2022-2023 to reveal the incidence of collar rot in apple growing locations in the Mandi, Kullu and Shimla districts of Himachal Pradesh. The maximum incidence of collar rot of apple (52 %) occurred in the village Bulash of the Rohanda block, followed by the village Kalashan (40 %) in the Karsog block of the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh. Phytophthora cactorum was isolated from diseased samples collected during the survey and was identified based on morphological and cultural characteristics. Among the fungal antagonists used in vitro, Trichoderma virens caused the greatest inhibition of pathogen radial growth, with values of 63 % (dual culture) and 40 % (volatile compound evaluation), respectively. Among the bacterial antagonists, the Bacillus cereus group was most effective in dual culture, with growth inhibition of 66 %, whereas volatile compound evaluation of bacterial antagonists revealed that Exiguobacterium aurantiacum caused maximum inhibition (66 %) of P. cactorum in vitro. Among the seven most effective antagonists evaluated under pot conditions, the Bacillus cereus group was the most effective, with a minimum disease incidence of 13 % up to 60 days after pathogen inoculation and a maximum disease control of 85 % in comparison with the positive control.

Source: Plant Science Today

DOI: 10.14719/pst.10524

Authors: K Neelam, Anita, K S Satish, G Meenu, C S Naveen, T Nisha

Institution: Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry

Language: English

Topic: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity

Subfield: Plant Science

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Domain: Life Sciences

SDGs: Zero hunger, Good health and well-being

Open Access status: diamond

OpenAlex ID: W7124729600

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