The Impact of Cytokines Expression in Peri-implant Crevicular Fluid Associated with Keratinized Tissue Augmentation via Xenogeneic Collagen Matrix: A Pilot Study
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Objective: The xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) is widely used for keratinized mucosa augmentation around natural teeth and dental implants due to its consistent efficacy and the advantage of avoiding a second surgical site. However, the shrinkage rate of XCM after surgery exceeds 50%, which is not conducive to accurate preoperative design. This study aimed to investigate factors influencing XCM shrinkage. Materials and Methods: Fifteen participants with buccal keratinized tissue width (KTW) <2 mm around mandibular single implants underwent XCM-based KTW augmentation. Clinical parameters were recorded, and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected preoperatively and at 3-month follow-ups. Twenty cytokines in PICF were assessed using a commercial kit, with Spearman tests evaluating correlations between cytokines, clinical parameters, and shrinkage predictors. Results: < 0.05). Preoperative keratinized tissue thickness (KTT) and cathepsin K (CTSK), along with K2C1 at 3 months, correlated with XCM shrinkage. Conclusion: KTW augmentation alters cytokine expression. Thin preoperative KTT and high CTSK in PICF may predict high postoperative XCM shrinkage. Clinical Relevance: Gingival phenotype significantly impacts XCM shrinkage after augmentation. PICF cytokine expression could serve as a predictive biomarker. Trial Registration: The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, no. ChiCTR2500100933 (last updated on 17/04/2025).
Source: European Journal of Dentistry
Authors: Xin-Rui Zhu, Ying-Jie Lin, Chang Chen, Rui-Yong Wang, Yi Liu
Language: English
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7124876420