Work

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide-decorated extracellular vesicle enables synergistical antitumor immunotherapy

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Ganoderma Lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) holds great promise in tumor therapy, but its clinical application is limited by poor tumor-targeting capability. Herein, we develop an immunoregulatory nano-bioconjugate by conjugating GLP with low-pH culture medium reprogrammed CT26 tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicle (LTEV). Specifically, 4-carboxybenzeneboronic acid (CPBA), as an intermediate coupling agent, are conjugated with the amino groups of LTEV via its carboxyl groups to obtain CPBA-LTEV. GLP is then covalently linked via boric ester linkages between its hydroxyl groups and the boronic acid groups of CPBA. After systemic administration, GLP@LTEV accumulates in homologous tumor tissues of LTEV-derived parent cells, remodeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) by repolarizing M2-like macrophages to the M1 phenotype, promoting dendritic cells (DCs) maturation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation, and immunosuppressive regulatory T cell (Treg) inhibition. The synergism of tumor-targeting delivery and potent immunomodulatory in this combined manner therefore significantly inhibit primary tumor suppression and lung metastasis with few side effects, providing a novel combination of polysaccharide and nanovesicle for robust tumor immunotherapy.

Source: Materials Today Bio

DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102832