Work

Prevalence and etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization and hypomineralized second primary molars in children, Uşak Region, Turkey

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) in children aged 8-12 years living in the Usak region of Turkey. METHODS: A total of 287 children were examined by a single clinician. Permanent first molars, second primary molars, and permanent incisors were evaluated for MIH and HSPM. A questionnaire was used to collect data on potential etiological factors, including the mother's health during pregnancy, breastfeeding duration, and medical history in the first four-years-of life. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: The prevalence of MIH and HSPM was 24.4%(70 children) and 3.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the right and left sides of the jaws, although the incisors were more affected in the maxilla. The most common defect was 'opacities with a distinct border creamy white color' in both HSPM and MIH. A statistically significant relationship was found between HSPM and MIH (p = .007). Gestational hypertension showed a significant correlation with MIH(p = .007). Frequent fever, febrile convulsion and diarrhea in the first four-years-of life increased the incidence of MIH, but relationship was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: MIH and HSPM are common dental problems in childhood and managing them is challenging. HSPM was significantly associated with MIH and considered as predictor for MIH. Gestational hypertension was a significant etiological factor for MIH. These findings highlight the importance of preventive treatments and early treatment planning by dentists, especially for children with identified risk factors.

Source: BMC Oral Health

DOI: 10.1186/s12903-026-07700-4

Authors: Merve Alkış, Sibel Acar

Institutions: Usak University, İzmir Tınaztepe Üniversitesi

Language: English

Topic: dental development and anomalies

Subfield: Molecular Biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,190