Work

Behaviour of female mice defeated in an inter-female aggression protocol predicts resilience to cocaine-induced conditioned place preference

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Several studies have demonstrated that exposure to different protocols of social defeat induces anxiety- and depression-like symptoms in male and female mice. Moreover, male mice exposed to an intermittent social defeat (ISD) show increased vulnerability to the rewarding effects of cocaine, although several behavioural traits have been found to confer resilience against this effect. However, the effects of ISD on the vulnerability to drugs of abuse in female mice have not been studied. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the short-term behavioural effects of ISD and its long-term influence on the rewarding effects of cocaine in female mice. Intruder female mice were exposed to an ISD protocol and performed the elevated plus maze, hole-board, social interaction, splash, object recognition and tail suspension tests 24 or 48 h after the last episode of defeat. Three weeks later, female mice underwent the conditioned place preference procedure with cocaine. ISD exposure induced a slight anxiogenic effect, decreased novelty-seeking behaviour and enhanced sensitivity to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine. However, defeated female mice characterized by an active coping response during episodes of defeat and an avoidance of potential dangers in unknown environments did not develop cocaine preference. Our results show that defeat in an inter-female aggression protocol is a useful way to study the long-term consequences of social stress on cocaine reward and the behavioural traits associated with resilience. • Defeat in inter-female aggression encounters induced a slight anxiolytic effect. • Defeat in inter-female aggression encounters decreased novelty-seeking behaviour. • Defeat in inter-female aggression encounters enhanced sensitivity to cocaine reward. • Lower submission during episodes of defeat predicted resilience to cocaine reward. • Anxiety-like behaviour after defeat episodes predicted resilience to cocaine reward.

Source: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2026.174156

Authors: María Ángeles Martínez-Caballero, Claudia Calpe-López, María Pilar García-Pardo, María Carmen Arenas, Carmen Manzanedo, María Asunción Aguilar