Work

Effectiveness of Mental Health Promotion in Primary Schools: Results of a Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Trial*

Year: 2026

Type: article

Study designs: Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial

Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the mental health promotion program MindMatters in primary schools. METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled trial (2021-2023) included 37 German primary schools (18 intervention, 19 control). Pupils in grades 1-3 (ages 6-9) and their teachers were surveyed before and after implementation. Data from 2896 pupils were analyzed, covering mental health (SDQ), social-emotional and academic skills, and learning behavior. RESULTS: A three-factor SDQ model (externalizing, internalizing, prosocial) was applied. At follow-up, no significant differences were found between the intervention and control groups in pupils' self-reported mental health or in teachers' reports of pupils' mental health. Likewise, there were no significant differences in children's self-reported social-emotional skills or in academic outcomes reported by the teachers at follow-up. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY: Schools should invest in evidence-based programs to strengthen social interaction and learning environments. Primarily, education and health policy should create and mandate conditions that facilitate evidence generation for whole-school interventions, while ensuring that schools receive the support needed for effective implementation. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important evidence for complex mental health promotion programs. Future studies should consider longer implementation periods and higher program uptake. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00023762.

Source: Journal of School Health

DOI: 10.1111/josh.70116