A population-based study of traumatic brain injury incidence and mechanisms in New Zealand: 2021–2022 compared with 2010–2011

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Background: Monitoring traumatic brain injury (TBI) incidence and epidemiological patterns is important for evidence-based strategic planning, policy, prevention, and resource allocation. We revisited population-based estimates and examined patterns of TBI incidence (all ages, severities) in 2021-2022 compared with 2010-2011 in New Zealand (NZ). Methods: Examining an urban (Hamilton) and rural (Waikato District) region in NZ (May 2021-April 2022, unintentionally following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic), we calculated crude annual age-, sex-, ethnic-, urban/rural area- and mechanism-specific TBI incidence per 100,000 person-years with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Poisson regression was used to derive adjusted Risk Ratios (aRRs) to compare age-standardised rates between sex, ethnicity, and area groups. Direct standardisation was used to age-standardise rates to the world population. We calculated Incidence Rate Ratios (IRRs) with 95% CI to compare 2021-2022 with 2010-2011 age-standardised rates. Findings: Total TBI incidence per 100,000 person-years was 852 cases (95% CI 816-890), including 791 cases (756-828) of mild TBI, and 61 cases (52-72) of moderate to severe TBI. TBI affected males more than females (IRR 1.31, 95% CI 1.29-1.33), and urban more than rural residents (IRR 1.57, 1.43-1.73). Most TBI (61%) occurred in people aged 15-64 years and were due to falls (48%). European and Asian peoples had lower risk of TBI than Māori (aRRs 0.68, 0.31 respectively). Compared to 2010-2011, total TBI incidence and rates among Māori were stable; TBI incidence was greater among females, urban residents, and adults aged ≥34 years; and TBI due to falls significantly increased (IRR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03-1.40). Interpretation: Noting increased risks for underestimation due to COVID-19, findings suggest overall TBI incidence rate in NZ was similar in 2021-2022 to 2010-2011, while highlighting changes in TBI distribution. Age-, sex-, area-, ethnic-, and mechanism-specific distributions should be considered when revisiting prevention strategies to reduce TBI incidence. Funding: Health Research Council of New Zealand of NZ.

Source: The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific

DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2026.101797

Institutions: Auckland University of Technology, University of Waikato, University of Auckland, Health New Zealand, Waikato Hospital, Accident Compensation Corporation, University of Otago

Language: English

Topic: Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Subfield: Epidemiology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $4,250

Funders: Aspen Brain Institute, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, University of Waikato, University of Auckland, Health Research Council of New Zealand

Awards: G2869384367, G3611793749, G7368547287

OpenAlex ID: W7125411801