Work

Zirconocene(III) in Organic Synthesis: Does the Ugly Duckling Become a Swan?

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The development of efficient C-C bond-forming reactions remains an important objective in organic chemistry. These reactions are fundamental tools for building complex molecules for diverse applications. Among the various strategies available, radical processes promoted by group IV metals-particularly Ti and its titanocene-type complexes-have shown remarkable versatility and utility in organic synthesis. However, closely related zirconium analogues have historically received less attention and have shown a more limited reactivity profile. Thus, zirconium and its zirconocene-type derivatives have often been regarded as the "ugly duckling" of group IV metal-promoted radical chemistry. Yet recent advances indicate that this "ugly duckling" is beginning to reveal its synthetic potential. In this review, we highlight the main synthetic applications of zirconocene(III) complexes and compare them with those of titanocene(III). Special attention is placed on the generation of reactive zirconocene(III) species and their impact on reactivity. Overall, these developments show how zirconocene(III) chemistry is emerging as a valuable complement to titanocene(III)-based radical transformations, turning our ugly duckling into a beautiful swan.

Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

DOI: 10.3390/ijms27021100

Authors: Jennifer Rosales, Rachid Chahboun, José Justicia

Institution: Universidad de Granada

Language: English

Topic: Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis

Subfield: Organic Chemistry

Field: Chemistry

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,499

Funder: Junta de Andalucía