Work

The E3 ligases Itch and WWP2 regulate autoimmune neuroinflammation by controlling TH2 to TH17 cell conversion via interleukin-4-STAT5 axis in mice

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease primarily mediated by T helper 17 (T H 17) cells. We previously showed that Itch/WWP2 double knockout (DKO) T cells produce high levels of type 2 cytokines, driving spontaneous autoinflammation. Here, we report that DKO T H 2-high carrying autoantigen-specific TCR (2D2) develop atypical spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), with CD4 + T cells simultaneously producing IL-4 and GM-CSF, directly causing neuroinflammation. Unexpectedly, IL-4 deletion in DKO T H 2-high 2D2 mice exacerbates T H 17-driven classical EAE, indicating a T H 2 to T H 17 conversion. Furthermore, we show that the JAK3/STAT5 signaling pathway is critical for maintaining T H 2 lineage stability by modulating Blimp1 and c-Maf thereby suppressing T H 17 differentiation. Importantly, we find that this phenomenon can also be observed in dupilumab-treated patients with atopic dermatitis who develop psoriasis. Thus, our findings uncover the molecular antagonism and plasticity in the T H 2 and T H 17 cell programs and identify potential therapeutic targets for modulating T H 2 and T H 17 cell responses in autoimmune diseases.

Source: Nature Communications

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-67665-w

Authors: Mei Zhao, Chao Zhang, Xin Zhang, Qingdian Mu, Qian Li, Yun-Cai Liu

Institutions: Tsinghua University, Center for Life Sciences

Language: English

Topic: Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis

Subfield: Immunology

Field: Immunology and Microbiology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $6,990