Work

Oral Health of Children With Severe or Complex Obesity and Association of Markers of Glucose Metabolism With Gingivitis

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Oral health is a key component of overall health, yet it is often overlooked in children with severe or complex obesity. This study aimed to describe the oral health of children with severe or complex obesity and to explore the association between markers of glucose metabolism and gingivitis. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis included patients aged <18 years who received care management at a paediatric specialised obesity centre (November 2020-December 2024, France). Oral health data were collected using a standardised questionnaire (preventive habits, quality of life) and a clinical examination (dental caries, gingivitis). Glucose metabolism markers (fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c and triglycerides/HDL-c ratio) were retrieved from medical records and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were calculated. Associations with gingivitis were assessed using confounder-adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-two participants were included (52% females, 58% aged ≥12 years). Just over half reported brushing twice a day or more, 33% had at least 1 untreated dental caries and 44% had gingivitis. Additionally, 19% reported oral pain and 17% aesthetic concerns. Participants exhibited altered glucose metabolism, especially adolescents; however, no association was observed between markers of glucose metabolism and gingivitis. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the need to improve access to preventive oral health measures and care for young individuals with severe or complex obesity. However, alterations in glucose metabolism did not appear to be associated with gingival inflammation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Children with severe or complex obesity have high oral health needs; integrating dental care into multidisciplinary management may help prevent caries, gingivitis and related quality-of-life impairments.

Source: International Dental Journal

DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.109383

Authors: Mathilde Saint-Jean, Aurore Venencie, Thomas Hermerel, Pascal Barat, Hélène Thibault, Virginie Chuy