Work

Three-Dimensional Perspectives on Inflammatory Regulation in Coronary Atherosclerosis: Integrated Mechanisms of Endothelial Priming, Lipid Metabolism, and Cytokine Synergy

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of global mortality, is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by a vicious cycle of endothelial dysfunction, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and persistent inflammation. This review examines the mechanisms through which diverse triggers initiate the cycle. We discuss key cellular and molecular events, such as the detrimental phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells. We also describe the processes through which various upstream signals converge on core inflammatory hubs, such as the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. By integrating these established mechanisms with recent findings on novel regulators, including the chemokine hemofiltrate CC chemokine 1 (HCC-1) and cell surface glycoRNA, this review identifies several potential new biomarkers. Overall, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, informing future research and the development of targeted interventions.

Source: Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine

DOI: 10.31083/rcm42822

Authors: Min Liu, De-Gang Mo, Jing-Xian Bai, Qian-Feng Han, Heng-Chen Yao

Institutions: Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao University

Language: English

Topic: Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Subfield: Immunology

Field: Immunology and Microbiology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,200