Work

The Immunological Role of Vitamin D in Primary Immunodeficiencies: A Narrative Review of the Current Literature

Year: 2026

Type: review

Abstract: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble hormone essential for bone mineralization. In addition to this role, vitamin D is known for its immunomodulatory effects through its binding to intracellular vitamin D receptors (VDRs), which translocate to the nucleus of immune cells, including antigen-presenting cells (APC), B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and monocytes, thereby modulating the transcription of genes responsible for the immune response. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of developing infections and autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this review is to evaluate vitamin D deficiency in patients with primary immunodeficiency (CVID, XLA, DGS, APECED, SCID, WAS, HIES), to assess its clinical and therapeutic impact. Vitamin D deficiency, often asymptomatic, is associated with more severe clinical conditions in subjects with PID. It can be associated with osteoporosis, fractures, myelofibrosis and endocrine disorders such as hypocalcemia. These patients responded beneficially to calcitriol therapy, underscoring the need for long-term monitoring.

Source: Biomedicines

DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines14020303

Authors: Emanuela Zumbo, Federica Nuccio, Francesca Paladin, Giuseppe Murdaca, Sebastiano Gangemi

Institutions: University of Messina, Ospedale San Paolo, University of Genoa

Language: English

Topic: Vitamin D Research Studies

Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137