Work

Improved Load Frequency Control Design for Interconnected Power Systems

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Managing frequency stability in modern interconnected power systems is a critical challenge, particularly under continuous load variations and increasing system complexity. In response to these challenges, this study introduces an Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO)-based Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller as a solution for effective Load Frequency Control (LFC). The proposed method is tested on interconnected power systems integrating thermal (reheat and non-reheat) and hydropower plants. The simulations focus on continuous load variation and nonlinearity cases, where the GRC block is added in the model to closely mimic real-world operating conditions. The findings demonstrate that the IGWO-PID controller outperforms by achieving faster stabilization, minimizing frequency deviations, and ensuring robust performance compared to the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. These results highlight the controller’s adaptability and scalability, offering a reliable approach to maintaining stability and operational efficiency in interconnected power systems.

Source: Energies

DOI: 10.3390/en19030702

Authors: Van Nguyen Ngoc Thanh, De Huynh Tan, Hoai Duong Minh, Van Van Huynh

Institution: Ton Duc Thang University

Language: English

Topic: Frequency Control in Power Systems

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Affordable and clean energy

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137