Year: 2025
Type: book
Abstract: DEFINITION OF THE TERM: Freedom of expression in public discourse refers to the right of individuals and groups to articulate their thoughts and opinions, as well as to access and disseminate information within the public sphere without censorship or repression. It is a fundamental value essential to the proper functioning of democratic societies and political systems. Although it may be subject to certain restrictions, such limitations must meet strict criteria and must not undermine the very essence of this freedom. HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TERM: The roots of the concept of freedom of expression can be traced back to antiquity, but it is the 18th-century revolutions, coupled with the recognition of natural human rights, that mark the true beginning of its modern understanding. Contemporary standards emerged with the development of international human rights protection systems after World War II. Shaped by globalisation and the digital revolution, the late 20th century significantly transformed modes of communication, profoundly affecting how freedom of expression is perceived. DISCUSSION OF THE TERM: The key issues that define the scope of freedom of expression include its justifications, its fundamental nature, and the functions it plays within public discourse. A notable phenomenon is the gradual blurring of the boundary between freedom of speech and freedom of the press as the unique nature of the internet increasingly erodes the distinction between the sender and receiver of opinions and information. SYSTEMATIC REFLECTION WITH CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The central challenge lies in properly delineating the boundaries of this freedom. Factors that risk imposing excessive restrictions include inadequate approaches to combating hate speech, censorship by private corporations, and the instrumentalisation of freedom of expression in the service of ideological conflicts. Recommendations emphasise the need for proportional limitations and protection of the core of this freedom.
Author: Michał Urbańczyk
Institution: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
Language: Polish
Topic: Law, Rights, and Freedoms
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W7126090059