Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: We construct a generic X-ray spectral model for the reflection component from the clumpy torus and dusty gas in the polar region (polar dusty gas) in an active galactic nucleus (AGN), designated as Inclusive Spectral Energy Distribution Model of Polar Dust and Clumpy Torus for X-ray (IMPACTX). To calculate the spectra, we utilize the Monte-Carlo-based, three-dimensional radiative transfer code SKIRT. The adopted geometry is the same as that of the IMPACT model, consisting of a clumpy torus defined by Nenkova et al. and a paraboloid-shell polar dusty gas launched at the inner radius of the torus. We discuss the dependence of the X-ray spectrum on geometrical parameters in comparison with the conventional torus-only model (XCLUMPY). As an example, we have simultaneously applied the IMPACTX and IMPACT models to the X-ray and infrared spectra of the nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 4388, and have found a solution that can well reproduce both spectra. This demonstrates the importance of using both X-ray and infrared data to constrain the nuclear structure of an AGN.
Source: The Astrophysical Journal
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,499
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Astrophysics Science Division, Astrophysics Division
Awards: Revealing the Launching Mechanism and Structure of Active Galactic Nucleus Outflows through High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy, Multi-Wavelength Observations, and Theoretical Approaches, 多波長観測と輻射輸送計算で挑む巨大ブラックホールの構造および質量放出機構の解明, Investigation of Origin of Black Hole Downsizing by X-ray and Multiwavelength Inclusive Analysis
OpenAlex ID: W7126229034