Work

Optimization of GCC filler use for molded pulp: A DOE study of pore structure, mechanical properties, and dewatering–drying efficiency

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Molded pulp packaging is rapidly growing as a sustainable packaging solution, but cost remains one of the biggest challenges. This study systematically investigates the potential use of mineral fillers as a cost-reduction strategy for molded pulp, using a design-of-experiments (DOE)-based approach. Laboratory-scale samples were produced with two ground calcium carbonate (GCC) fillers of different particle sizes at increasing dosages, and pore structure, mechanical properties, and dewatering/drying efficiency across stages of the molded-pulp process were assessed. With increasing filler dosage, mechanical properties decreased in three steps: slow initially, a steep mid-stage drop, then a slower final decline. The pore structure results correlated with this three-step change. The optimal filler-dosage range was determined from this three-step behavior and defined as the dosage corresponding to 80% of the maximum mechanical properties. GCC fillers improved the dewatering capability of the pulp suspension; however, this did not translate into improved dewatering efficiency at later stages. Future research is suggested to enable the successful application of mineral fillers in molded pulp products.

Source: BioResources

DOI: 10.15376/biores.21.1.2123-2175

Authors: Jee-Hong Lee, Kyudeok Oh, Hye Jung Youn, Hak Lae Lee

Institutions: Seoul National University, Hyundai Motor Group (South Korea), Hyundai Motors (South Korea)

Language: English

Topic: Material Properties and Processing

Subfield: Mechanics of Materials

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Responsible consumption and production, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,452