Work

Upper bound for the free energy of dilute Bose gases at low temperature

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: We consider a Bose gas at density ρ > 0 , interacting through a repulsive potential V ∈ L 2 ( R 3 ) with scattering length a > 0 . We prove an upper bound for the free energy of the system, valid at low temperature T ≲ ρ a . Combined with the recent lower bound obtained in [18] , our estimate resolves the free energy per unit volume up to and including the Lee–Huang–Yang order a ρ 2 ( ρ a 3 ) 1 / 2 .

Source: Advances in Mathematics

DOI: 10.1016/j.aim.2026.110825

Authors: Florian Haberberger, Christian Hainzl, Benjamin Schlein, Arnaud Triay

Institutions: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, University of Zurich

Language: English

Topic: Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates

Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,790