Work

The prevalence of cardiometabolic and renal long-term conditions in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a global umbrella review

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: There is a high prevalence of long-term conditions (LTCs) among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This umbrella review synthesises and collates the existing evidence. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024490470) and follows the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines (JBI) for umbrella reviews. Comprehensive searches of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were conducted. Systematic reviews of observational studies on cardiometabolic and renal LTCs in T2D were included. Quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for systematic reviews, and study results were narratively synthesised. Out of 10,721 records, 20 systematic reviews (15 with meta-analyses) were included, comprising 675 primary studies. The most commonly reported cardiometabolic condition in T2D was cardiovascular disease, with a pooled prevalence ranging from 13·0% (95% CI: 11·0,15·0) to 46·0% (39·0, 54·0), followed by heart failure with the highest pooled prevalence reported as 25·0% (21·0, 28·0). For renal conditions in T2D, the overall pooled prevalence for nephropathy ranged from 4·2% (3·2, 5·3) to 38·0% (14·0, 63·0), while chronic kidney disease reported prevalence ranged from 18·2% (15·1, 21·4) to 35·5% (25·9, 45·5). The prevalence of these conditions varied by sex and income status, with higher rates observed in males and low-income and middle-income countries. This review highlights the significant prevalence of cardiometabolic and renal LTCs in T2D, highlighting the need for targeted and holistic management approaches to address these comorbidities effectively. • What is known about this research topic? • The prevalence of cardiometabolic and renal long-term conditions in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is very high but has only focused on either cardiometabolic or renal conditions and are limited by specific geographical regions. • What this study adds and its future implications: • First umbrella review of systematic reviews on the global prevalence of both cardiometabolic and renal long-term conditions in type 2 diabetes mellitus. • Findings revealed higher prevalence rates were observed in males and populations from low- and middle-income countries. • The need for early detection and tailored interventions to reduce cardiometabolic and renal long-term conditions burden in type 2 diabetes mellitus is emphasised. • Instructions for Twitter summary: First umbrella review on global prevalence of cardiometabolic & renal long-term conditions in type 2 diabetes mellitus! Higher rates in males & low/middle-income countries. Urgent need for early detection & tailored interventions to reduce disease burden.

Source: Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews

DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103381