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Framing the unframed: why strategic leadership needs a coherent understanding of cognitive warfare

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: As contemporary conflict gradually extends into the cognitive domain, strategic leaders encounter a dilemma: they are expected to respond to a phenomenon that, in many respects, is still undefined. Although the term cognitive warfare now circulates widely in policy documents and military scholarship, its boundaries remain unsettled. Given this conceptual fragmentation, the present article adopts an integrative conceptual review approach to identify convergences and offers a preliminary synthesis that situates cognitive warfare in relation to neighbouring constructs.

Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18486883

Authors: Russo, Sara, Peteva, Yordanka

Institutions: Centro Alti Studi per la Difesa (CASD), University of Turin, Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy

Language: English

Topic: European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies

Subfield: Political Science and International Relations

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Peace, justice, and strong institutions

Open Access status: green

OpenAlex ID: W7127576150

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