Work

Three-Dimensional Mapping-Aided Global Navigation Satellite System in Global Navigation Satellite System-Accessible Indoor Areas

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is commonly used for outdoor positioning. However, its effectiveness diminishes in urban canyons and indoor environments attributed to signal blockage. This study aims to explore the potential of GNSS signals penetrating indoor spaces through windows and to enhance indoor positioning with Three-Dimensional Mapping-Aided (3DMA) GNSS, a concept generally applied outdoors. The research employs a 3D model of a corridor with manually labeled window locations to predict satellite visibility within indoor areas. The study integrates Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) with an indoor Shadow-matching (I-SM) technique, utilizing an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to improve positioning accuracy. One of the findings indicates that the proposed method significantly enhances positioning performance and its availability, achieving a root mean square error (RMSE) that is 2 m better than using PDR alone or single epoch I-SM. The study concludes that integrating GNSS with I-SM technique and PDR can optimize an indoor positioning solution and highlights the potential for improved navigation solutions in complex urban environments.

Source: Sensors

DOI: 10.3390/s26031058

Authors: Hoi-Wah Ng, Hoi-Wah Ng, Hoi-Fung Ng, Hoi-Fung Ng, Li-Ta Hsu, John-Ross Rizzo

Institutions: Hong Kong Polytechnic University, NYU Langone Health, New York University

Language: English

Topic: GNSS positioning and interference

Subfield: Aerospace Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Sustainable cities and communities, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137