Work

Thinking Outside of the MOGAD Box: When Does CNS-Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Make More Sense?

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Neuroinflammatory syndromes in children often present with overlapping clinical, radiological and immunological features, posing significant diagnostic challenges. We describe two pediatric patients with acute neuroinflammatory presentations who fulfilled criteria for a well-recognized antibody-associated demyelinating disorder but also demonstrated clinical and laboratory features suggestive of a broader hyperinflammatory process. These cases underscore the diagnostic complexity when systemic and central nervous system inflammation coexist and highlight the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware that antibody positivity does not preclude alternative or coexisting diagnoses and that failure to recognize hyperinflammatory syndromes may delay appropriate therapy.

Source: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques

DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2026.10556

Authors: Lama Aljomah, Rabporn Suntornlohanakul, Areej Mahjoub, Helen Branson, Ahmed Naqvi, E. Ann Yeh

Institutions: University of Toronto, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children

Language: English

Topic: Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research

Subfield: Hematology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,550